The sculpture of Philip IV in the Plaza de Oriente in Madrid has made the Plaza de Oriente popular with its unique and majestic shape.
The Plaza de Oriente, which was built by the invader King José Bonaparte I (Napoleon's brother) and completed in 1844, is adjacent to the east gate (main gate) of the Royal Palace of Madrid in the west and connected to the Royal Theater in the southeast. The wide boulevards, regular green plant shapes, exquisite circular fountains, and neat tall statues (about 20 statues of Spanish kings of all dynasties) in the square are full of French style.
The bronze statue on a marble base sitting in the center of the square is a 12-meter-high sculpture of Philip IV holding a cane and riding a horse, built in 1640.
Most horse-riding sculptures have three hooves on the ground, with three fulcrums to ensure the stability of the sculpture. In order to show the majesty of Philip IV, the front hooves of this sculptured horse soared into the air, but the technology at that time made it difficult for the bronze statue to maintain balance.
Galileo, the "father of modern physics", gave the answer and used two methods to achieve balance: one is to cleverly make the horse's tail touch the ground, so that the horse's tail and hind hooves form a three-point balance; the other is to make the horse's rear part solid and the front part hollow during manufacturing, so that the center of gravity is moved back to the three fulcrums.
Thus, the sculpture of a horse with two hooves in the air came into being, and it still stands out from the crowd and is awe-inspiring.