Xuanhua Ancient City (National Cultural Relics)
Located in Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, it was first built in the Tang Dynasty and expanded in the 27th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1394). It is the "first of the nine towns" of the Ming Great Wall. The square is about 12 kilometers in circumference and has 7 city gates. There is a pass outside the gate, surrounded by a city wall, and a moon city outside the city wall. Corner towers are built at the four corners of the city. There are moats, moats, suspension bridges, etc. outside the city. It is an important part of the Great Wall defense system.
Famous attractions
Gongji Tower, also known as Nanmen Tower, was built on the Changping Gate of the southern city wall of Xuanhua. It was first built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. It is 24 meters high with the city wall, and there are north-south archways below.
Zhenshuo Tower, also known as Drum Tower, was built in the fifth year of Zhengtong in the Ming Dynasty (1440). It is hung with a large plaque with the words "Shenjing Pinghan" written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, implying that Xuanhua is the barrier of Beijing. The frame of the large plaque is carved with clouds and mosquito dragons in different states going out to sea. Located on the central axis of Xuanhua District, it echoes Gongji Tower in the south and Qingyuan Tower in the north. Like Qingyuan Tower, it is 25 meters high.
Qingyuan Tower is located in the center of Xuanhua Ancient City. It is also known as the Bell Tower. It is built on an 8-meter-high cross arch. The building has 3 floors on the outside and 2 floors on the inside. It is 25 meters high, with 3 bays and 6 tower rafters. On the second floor, there is a "Xuanfu Town Bell" cast in the 18th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1539). It is 2.5 meters high, 1.7 meters in diameter, and weighs about 10,000 kilograms. There are corridors around it, and the roof is enameled with green glazed tiles. It forms an axis with Zhenshuo Tower and Gongji Tower in the city.
Xuanhua City Wall is a large-scale structure built outside Xuanfu Town during the Ming Dynasty, which was a "unified town and vassal state". Its overall scale, wall size, brick specifications, gate structure, etc. all correspond to the urban system and military status of Xuanfu Town at that time. It is not only an outstanding example of city wall construction in northern China from the 14th to the 19th century, but also a material representation of the peak of Xuanhua's city wall construction technology, which began at the end of the 8th century at the latest, and shows an important stage in the development of China's city wall function system and construction technology.
Historical Events
During the "Tumubao Incident" in the Ming Dynasty, the story of "Zhengtong calling the pass" took place under the Gongji Tower. In the "Tumu Incident" in the 14th year of the Zhengtong Period of the Ming Dynasty (1449), Emperor Yingzong Zhu Qizhen was captured by the Grand Tutor Yesen of the Mongolian Wala tribe. Yesen took Zhu Qizhen to Xuanhua and knocked on the city gate. The soldiers guarding the city began to waver. At the critical moment, Yang Hong, the general soldier stationed in Xuanhua, and Luo Hengxin, the governor, came to the South Gate with swords and issued a strict order that "those who leave the city will be beheaded", and the soldiers and civilians of Xuanhua were saved.
Strategy
Transportation: Xuanhua Station (small and quiet), Xuanhua North Station, Zhangjiakou Station and other buses are available.
Ticket price: free
Accommodation: Specialties milk grapes, grilled lamb chops, agate. Accommodation recommendation: "Shangkeyou Hotel" near Gongji Tower, located at the first place on the central axis of the scenic spot, with a pedestrian street and night market at the door.
Route: Xuanhua Station, Daxinmen, Xuanhua Museum, Catholic Church, Gongji Tower (lunch break until 14:00), Zhenshuo Tower (lunch break), Shien Temple (lunch break until 15:00), Qingyuan Tower (lunch break), Wulongbi, Fozhen Lynx Yilonita.
Season: May-October
Time: 0.5-1 day
Surroundings: 70 kilometers from Tumubao Ruins; "Dajingmen Scenic Area" in the city can be seen; Zhangbei "Grassland Sky Road" is suitable for self-driving.
Equipment: The temperature difference is large, bring a coat.