Azuchi Castle (Japanese: あづちじょう) was the residence of Oda Nobunaga during the Azuchi period and the center of the Oda regime. It is located in Azuchi-cho, Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, and is known as the city of "the world's military power."
The castle was built because Oda Nobunaga needed to stay at Anyo-ji Temple in Azuchi fishing village when traveling between Kyoto and his hometown of Gifu Castle. Therefore, after his eldest son Oda Nobutada succeeded as the head of the family, Nobunaga set about building Azuchi Castle and invited outstanding architects from Kyoto and other places to offer advice. Azuchi Castle is located on the top of a mountain more than 100 meters high (the mountain is 105 meters high and the altitude is 198 meters). The six-story building is 32 meters high. There is a road running through the bottom of the city, and houses, temples and residences of military commanders are built along the road.
In 1576, Nobunaga moved his residence from Gifu to Azuchi. The main reasons were that after he resigned as the head of the family, he had to leave the main castle to the head of the family, Oda Nobutada, and he went to Kyoto on the order of Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiaki. Azuchi Castle is located on the north side of Lake Biwa, with direct access to Kyoto to the west. It is also close to Hashiba Hideyoshi's Nagahama Castle and Akechi Mitsuhide's Sakamoto Castle, making it convenient to contact the two. In addition, if the Mori clan in China, the Takeda clan in Kai, and the Uesugi clan in Echigo wanted to send troops directly from Azuchi Castle, they would also have the geographical advantage.
After the Honnoji Incident in 1582, Azuchi Castle was burned down by Oda Nobuo, and the first famous castle in Japanese history disappeared from then on.