Comprehensive review of the Temple of Heaven Park
I. Historical and cultural value
As a place for emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties to offer sacrifices to heaven and pray for good harvests, the Temple of Heaven is a concentrated embodiment of the ancient Chinese idea of "respecting heaven and following ancestors" and carries the historical memory of more than 2,000 years of sacrificial culture. Its architectural complex was built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420). After many repairs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the existing four architectural complexes, namely the Altar of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Circular Mound Altar, the Palace of Abstinence, and the Divine Music Office, are the largest and most complete ancient architectural complexes for offering sacrifices to heaven in China. In 1998, it was listed in the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO and became an important symbol of Eastern civilization.
II. Architectural and design features
1. Integration of cosmology and ritual system
The design of the Temple of Heaven strictly follows the philosophical concept of "round heaven and square earth". The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in the north of the inner altar is a circular three-layered eaves with a pointed roof, symbolizing "round heaven"; the Circular Mound Altar in the south is a square base, symbolizing "square earth". The Danbi Bridge connects the two altars, forming a north-south central axis, reflecting the ancient spatial order of "left heaven and right earth".
◦ Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests: The 28 golden nanmu pillars correspond to the number of stars (the 4 pillars in the inner circle symbolize the four seasons, the 12 pillars in the middle circle symbolize the twelve months, and the 12 pillars in the outer circle symbolize the twelve hours). Its blue glazed tile roof and painted art show the peak of ancient architectural skills.
◦ Echo Wall and Circular Mound: The acoustic phenomenon of the Echo Wall and the "nine steps and nine levels" numerical design of the Circular Mound Altar reflect the ancient people's profound understanding of the laws of nature.
2. Zoning of sacrificial functions
The Zhai Palace is where the emperor fasts before the sacrifice. The building uses green glazed tiles, which forms a hierarchical difference with the sacrificial buildings and strengthens the idea of "respecting heaven"; the Shenyue Office is a place for ritual and music rehearsal, showing the integrity of the sacrificial culture.
3. Gardens and ecological landscapes
• Ancient tree community: There are more than 3,500 century-old pine, cypress and locust trees preserved in the park, and the oldest tree is hundreds of years old, forming a solemn atmosphere of "green and blue surrounding the sky". Ancient trees are marked with red cards (over 300 years old) and green cards (100-300 years old), which have both scientific and cultural value.
• Greening layout: The green coverage rate of 1.63 million square meters reaches 60%, and the lawns and ancient buildings complement each other, creating a "forest and quiet" temple garden artistic conception.
IV. Tourist experience and controversy
1. Highlights
◦ Must-visit attractions: The grandeur of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the acoustic wonders of the Echo Wall, and the echo of the "Heavenly Heart Stone" of the Circular Mound attract a large number of tourists.
◦ Cultural activities: Regular activities such as plant science popularization, ancient tree protection, and wild bird observation are held to deepen the modern dissemination of cultural heritage.
◦ Convenient facilities: Wheelchair rental and stroller services are provided, and the main road is wide and suitable for family tours; cultural and creative stores are popular, combining fun and cultural dissemination.
2. Pain points
◦ Crowded flow: There are dense tourists on holidays and weekends, and popular attractions such as the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests need to queue up, which affects the experience.
◦ Ticket price: 34 yuan for peak season combined ticket (including major attractions),
The Temple of Heaven is not only Beijing's "urban green lung", but also a spiritual landmark of Chinese civilization. How to protect this cultural heritage in the process of modernization will be the core proposition of its future development.