The following is a review of the Longmen Grottoes:
Historical and Cultural Value
• Long History: The Longmen Grottoes were excavated when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty relocated the capital to Luoyang. Construction continued for over 400 years, spanning the Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties, witnessing the changes of multiple historical periods.
• Cultural Fusion: The Buddha statues, stele inscriptions, and other artifacts within the grottoes are not only important carriers of Buddhist culture but also vividly reflect ancient Chinese politics, economy, and culture, demonstrating the profound integration of Buddhist culture with indigenous Chinese culture.
Artistic Value
• Exquisite Carvings: The Longmen Grottoes currently contain 2,345 grottoes and niches, and over 100,000 stone sculptures. Each Buddha statue's clothing, facial expressions, and gestures are vividly carved, showcasing a high level of artistic skill. • Diverse Styles: Northern Wei Dynasty Buddha statues feature flowing lines and an elegant demeanor, embodying the Central Plains style of "slender bones and clear figures, wide robes and wide belts." Tang Dynasty statues are plump, rounded, and elegant, embodying the Tang Dynasty style of "voluptuous figures and rounded features."
• Calligraphy Treasures: Longmen Grottoes is also the largest forest of ancient cliff-carved stele in China's grotto temples. The "Twenty Fragments of Longmen" are the essence of Wei Dynasty stele, and the "Yique Buddha Shrine Stele" is a prime example of early Tang Dynasty regular script, possessing extremely high calligraphic artistic value.
Tour Experience
• Well-Rounded Tour Routes: The scenic area is divided into the West Mountain Grottoes, East Mountain Grottoes, Xiangshan Temple, and White Garden. The tour route is strategically designed, allowing visitors to explore the grottoes in sequence without backtracking, allowing them to fully appreciate the beauty of the grottoes.
• Comprehensive Supporting Facilities: The scenic area offers rest areas, dining areas, and shopping areas for visitors' convenience. In addition, the scenic area offers a variety of guided tours, including intelligent voice guides and guides by internet celebrities, to help visitors better understand the historical and cultural significance of Longmen Grottoes.
• Unique Night View: When the lights first come on, the thousands of niches illuminate like stars, casting a hazy veil over the Buddha statue. Under the golden light, the Vairocana Buddha gazes compassionately upon all things. The shimmering light and shadow create a dreamlike experience, offering visitors a brand new visual experience.
Preservation and Heritage
• Digital Preservation: The Longmen Grottoes Research Institute utilizes 3D digital technology and "data aggregation" to reunite some of the Longmen Grottoes' artifacts, which were dispersed both domestically and internationally. They have also conducted research on the virtual restoration of the Empress Worshiping Buddha painting in the Binyang Middle Cave.