The Univer
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley or Cal), also known as UC Berkeley, is a world-renowned public research university located in Berkeley, San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States. UC Berkeley is the founding university of the University of California system, established in 1868. The Times Higher Education Institute lists Berkeley as one of the world's top six super universities (English: "Super Six Universities"), along with Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and Oxford and Cambridge University in the United Kingdom. [3][4][5][6][7] In the rankings of many institutions, Berkeley ranks among the top five universities in the world and is one of the world's top public universities. Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and maintains close ties with three U.S. National Laboratories of the U.S. Department of Energy, including Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Many world-renowned research institutions, including the National Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory, are also located in Berkeley.[13][14][15][16][17] Through its partnership with the University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley also has medical teaching and research programs.[18] As of October 2020, Berkeley's alumni, professors, and researchers have produced 110 Nobel Prize winners (third in the world), 14 Fields Medal winners (fourth in the world), 25 Turing Award winners (third in the world), as well as 9 Wolf Prize winners, 45 MacArthur Fellows[19], 20 Academy Award winners, and 19 Pulitzer Prize winners. In the 1930s, Professor Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley. Based on this, researchers at the university and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory discovered a total of 16 chemical elements, ranking first in the world. Among them, element 97, Berkelium, was named after Berkeley.[20][21] In the 1940s, Robert Oppenheimer, the "father of the atomic bomb", and Edward Teller, the "father of the hydrogen bomb", both served as professors at Berkeley for a long time and led the Manhattan Project here.[22][23] In the 1960s, the "Free Speech Movement" and the "Anti-Vietnam War Movement" initiated by Berkeley students had a profound impact on American society and changed the political and moral views of several generations.[24][25] In the 21st century, Berkeley has become one of the most entrepreneurial universities, and its alumni have founded a large number of companies around the world, including Intel, Apple, Tesla Motors, Morgan Stanley, SoftBank Group, AIG, Rotten Tomatoes, Activision Blizzard, etc.[26][27][28][29]
In the 2020-21 academic year, the University of California, Berkeley ranked 4th in the world in the U.S. News & World Report World University Rankings, 5th in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities, 7th in the world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and 30th in the world in the QS World University Rankings[30][31][32][33]. In addition, Times Higher Education has long listed Berkeley as one of the six most prestigious universities in the world. In the world university rankings hosted by the Center for World University Rankings, Berkeley ranked 6th in the world[34][3][4][6][35].
Berkeley is one of the cradles and gathering places for cultivating Chinese elites. It has cultivated two Chinese Nobel Prize winners, Chu Dewen and Lee Yuan-tseh, as well as famous Chinese physicists Wu Jianxiong and Zhuang Xiaowei, Fields Medal winner and mathematician Shing-Tung Yau, former NASA astronaut Jiao Lizhong, Sun Yat-sen's eldest son and politician Sun Ke, Taiwan People First Party Chairman James Soong, HTC Chairman Wang Xuehong and others also graduated from Berkeley. Well-known mathematician Shiing-Shen Chern, Nobel Prize winner Roger Tsien, Nobel Prize winner Tsien Hsu, Turing Award winner Yao Chi-Chih, the father of prestressed materials Lin Tong-yen, linguist Chao Yuan-ren, well-known writer Eileen Chang, and many others have also studied and taught at Berkeley.